Unlike classical processors that process information with bits taking the value of 0 or 1, a quantum processor uses qubits. Thanks to the principles of superposition and quantum entanglement, these qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, enabling complex calculations to be executed at a speed far superior to traditional computers. This technology is expected to lead to major advancements in fields such as cryptography, molecular simulation, and logistical optimization.
Researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) have developed a remarkable phenomenon with the Zuchongzhi-3. Compared to its predecessor, the Zuchongzhi-2, this new version pushes the boundaries even further. It is built on a grid of 105 qubits, with impressive precision: 99.90% fidelity for single-qubit operations, 99.62% for two-qubit operations, and a correct reading rate of 99.13%. Precision is critical in quantum computing as even the slightest error can lead to inconsistent results due to the extreme sensitivity of qubits to external disturbances.
The scientists tested its power by executing a "random circuit sampling" task on 83 qubits and 32 cycles, resulting in the Zuchongzhi-3 having a 15 orders of magnitude advantage over the best classical algorithms. Although this is a significant achievement, we are still far from seeing quantum computers replace our PCs or enhance cloud computing. Each company is exploring different approaches to overcome technical challenges: speed, error correction, stability... It remains uncertain which will be the most effective in the long run.
